Power cable is an important part of modern power system, how its conductors transmit current is a topic involving physics and materials science. This article will give you a detailed analysis of the basic principle of power cable conductor transmission current and influencing factors.

The conductor of a power cable, usually composed of solid single or stranded wires, responsible for the transmission of electrical energy. These conductors are usually made of high-conductivity metal materials such as copper or aluminum, which provide a channel for the flow of electrons and enable the delivery of electrical energy. In the transmission process of the cable, some special phenomena will be involved, such as the skin effect, which means that the current of the high-frequency signal tends to concentrate on the surface of the conductor, resulting in a reduction in the effective cross-sectional area of the conductor and an increase in the resistance value. This phenomenon will have an impact on the transmission efficiency of the current, and needs to be considered in the cable design and material selection.

Insulation layer is an important part of power cable, its main role is to isolate the conductor, prevent short circuit and electric shock. The insulation layer is usually made of materials with high electrical strength, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), fluorine plastics, etc., to stop the flow of current. Mineral insulated cable uses magnesium oxide powder as inorganic insulating material, which has good insulation performance.

Sheath layer is another important part of power cable, its main role is to protect the insulation layer to prevent external damage. The sheath layer can prevent the intrusion of moisture and moisture, keep the insulation layer dry, and avoid the insulation performance decline or damage caused by moisture. At the same time, the sheath layer can also protect mechanical damage, withstand external force, and protect the cable from mechanical damage during laying, transportation and use. In addition, the sheath layer can also resist chemical corrosion to prevent the insulation layer from being affected by chemical aggressive media, such as acids, alkalis, etc. For the protective layer composed of metal sheath (inner sheath) and outer sheath, they not only play a mechanical protection role, but also have corrosion resistance, compressive tensile resistance and flame retardant, which help to extend the service life of the cable and ensure its long-term stable electrical performance.

In short, the conductor of a power cable transmits current by providing a channel for the flow of electrons, and at the same time, the design and material choice of the cable, as well as special phenomena such as the skin effect, can affect the efficiency and manner in which the current is transmitted. Insulation layer and sheath layer are responsible for isolating the conductor and protecting the insulation layer, respectively, to ensure the normal operation and long-term stable operation of the power cable.

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